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文化艺术类纪录片，Others 频道 2004 年出品。
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ARTISTS OF THE 20TH CENTURY is a series that presents a look at the major artists of the century. An enlightening view of the greatest artists of the 20th century. These definitive biographies are accompanied by a visual analysis of the artist's major work.
分集介绍
Alberto Giacometti
The son of a painter, Alberto Giacometti was born in 1901 in Italian-speaking Switzerland. At 18, he left school to find himself. Soon after, he announced that he would devote his life to art. Though he is often identified as an Existentialist, Giacometti was intitially involved with the Surrealist movement, from which he was formally expelled in the 1930's. In the mid-1940's, he began a new phase of sculpting in which his statues became stretched out, their limbs elongated. When these unique and startling statues were exhibited in New York in 1948, they immediately became icons of 20th century art. His concept of depicting the emptiness around an object had a revolutionary influence on post-modern art. Also, his reduction of the human form to it's essential elements heralded Minimalism, one of the 20th century's most fruitful movements. Includes spectacular images of his greatest work.
Paul Klee
Born in 1879 near Bern, Switzerland, Klee was part poet and visionary, part disciplined craftsman and well-regulated bourgeois. The son of a music teacher, Klee learned to play the violin to near-professional standard. This early musical training would influence his artistic theories and practice for the rest of his career. Klee joined the Bauhaus in 1920, which was the perfect theatre to unfold his teaching methods; an art school devoted to re-uniting the fine and applied arts, and architecture, in a manner suitable for an industrial age. From 1933 until his death in 1940, a progressive simplification of his means accompanied a progressively more intense and powerful expression.
The works of Paul Klee have been of enormous importance in the development of modern art; at a time of uncertainty and loss of direction in art, he was a source of confidence and admiration. Accompanied by images of the artist's greatest work.
Andy Warhol
Born in Pittsburgh to Czechoslovakian immigrants, Andy Warhol graduated from the Carnegie Institute of Technology with a degree in pictorial design. Following this, he moved to New York where he found steady work as a commercial artist.
In the early sixties Warhol's first Pop paintings, many of which remain icons of 20th century art, such as the Campbell's Soup Cans and Marilyn Monroe screenprints catapulted him to fame. At the same time he expanded his artistic interests to other media; he began making films and collaborating with the rock group The Velvet Underground. His productivity continued through the 70s and 80s, ending with his 1986 series on The Last Supper.
Firmly established as an international celebrity, Warhol exhibited his work extensively in museums and galleries around the world. Through his groundbreaking work, he brought avant garde art to the public conscious and became one of the most influential figures in post-war American art.Includes spectacular images of his greatest work.
Francis Bacon
One of five children, Francis Bacon was born in Dublin to English parents in 1909. By the late twenties, he had settled in London and was making a name for himself as a furniture designer. He soon rejected this path and turned to painting and although he had nor formal art training, he began gaining recognition as a painter in the early 1930's.
His major impact on the art world began, however, in 1944 with his Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion. Though he was initially inspired by Surrealism, Bacon's work was frequently influenced by the imagery of the old masters, usually translated into blurred and gory figures imprisoned in unspecific, architectural settings. A techincal perfectionist, Bacon destroyed a great deal of his copius output.
Still, he is widely regarded as Britain's most important post-war artist. Accompanied by spectacular images of his greatest work.
Jackson Pollock
Born in Wyoming in 1912, Jackson Pollock became one of the most notorious artists that America ever produced. He developed a technique in which he would fix his canvas to the floor, drip and splash paint onto it, then use a variety of objects to manipulate the paint. With these innovative paintings, he became the front-runner of the Abstract Expressionist movement.
Though subjected to much abuse and sarcasm as the leader of this fledging movement, Pollock was supported by progressive critics. By the 1960's, however, he was widely recognized as the central figure in what had become the most important movement of 20th century American painting. Even as his art was gaining popularity and originality, Pollock was experiencing personal turmoil and recurring bouts of depression. He was also struggling to control his alcoholism, which would plague him throughout his life.
Pollock's art is intense, thought-provoking, and subject to deeply personal interpretaion, which explains why it has remained vital and fresh in spite of changing tastes. Accompanied by spectacular images of his greatest work.
Wassily Kandinsky
Russian painter Wassily Kandinsky is generally regarded as an originator of abstract painting and one of the most important innovators in modern art, both as an artist and as a theorist. He only started painting when he was 30 after training as a lawyer in Moscow, suddenly abandoning his home andprofession and traveling to Munich to study art. His talent quickly tested the constraints of art school and he began exploring his own ideas.
Beginning in 1903, his work was exhibited throughout Europe and often caused controversy among the public, critics and his contemporaries. Kandinsky's unrelenting quest for new forms produced works of a great many styles. His earlier works, both abstract and figurative, are characterized by a romantic superabundance of brilliant colors and complex patterns.
In the 1920's, his work took him to the extremes of geometric abstraction, with sharply etched outlines and clear patterns. In very late works, Kandinsky blended the free, intuitive image of his earlier years with these geometric forms to create a more elegant, beautifully balanced style. Accompanied by spectacular images of the artist's greatest work.
Man Ray
Inventive, audacious, with an effervescent imagination, and a continual willingness to call traditional notions of art into question, Man Ray was the quintessiential avant-garde artist. Born in Philadelphia in 1890, and raised in Brooklyn, Emmanuel Radnitsky, later known as Man Ray, was always determined to become an artist. He came into his own in the 1920's when he joined his good friend, and fellow Dadaist, Marcel Duchamp in Paris. To earn a living while pursuing the more iconoclastic work that he loved, he took portrait and fashion photographs, eventually becoming the most celebrated commercial photographer in Paris.
Man Ray began his fifty year career as a painter and designer and soon expanded to collage, printmaking, photography, object-making, sculpture and film, never attempting to establish a hierarchy for his various activities. Accompanied by images of the artist's greatest work.
Marcel Duchamp
Born in 1887 in France, Marcel Duchamp -painter, sculptor, and author - was associated with Cubism, Dadaism, and Surrealism, though he avoided any strict alliances. Duchamp's early works were Post-Impressionist in style, though he eventually turned toward the avant-garde.
His most famous work, Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2 caused a furor at new York City's famous Armory Show in 1913. He painted very little after 1915, aside from his great masterpiece, The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even(also known as The Large Glass), which he worked on until 1923. Duchamp's work is characterized by humor, a wide variety of media, and its incessant probing of the boundaries of art.
Duchamp's legacy includes the insight that art can be about ideas instead of objects, a revolutionary notion that would resonate with later generations of artists. As a sculptor, he pioneered a main artistic innovation of the 20th century: ready-made art. "Ready-Mades" were banal objects of every-day use, which he signed with his name and gave titles totally unconnected with their functional use. They demonstrated his profound contempt for the bourgeois conception of art.
This documentary includes spectacular images of his greatest work.
Pablo Picasso
In the history of modern art, Pablo Picasso is a nearly mythological figure. Born in Malaga, Picasso was an innovative master of various media and as one of the most prolific artists in history, creating more than 20,000 paintings, sculptures, prints, and ceramics using all kinds of materials. First famous for his pioneering role in Cubism, Picasso's art developed with a pace and energy parallel to the sweeping cultural and technological changes of the twentieth century.
Unlike many artists of his caliber, Picasso was an international celebrity as well as a profoundly influential figure in the art world. His work was exhibited on countless occasions throughout his lifetime, reaching the zenith of artistic recognition with the 1971 exhibition at the Louvre, in Paris, honoring him on his 90th birthday; until then, the work of living artists had not been shown there. Accompanied by images of the artist's greatest work.
Salvador Dali
Born in Spain in 1904, Salvador Dali was one of the 20th centuries most controversial and celebrated artists. He is best known for his involvement in the surrealist movement due to such painting as The Persistance of Memory, although the leaders of the movement later denounced Dali as overly commercial.
After the 1940s, he painted in a more classical style, filling his art with religious and scientific imagery. Famous for his outrageous personality, Dali was not limited to one media; he worked in oils, watercolors, drawings, graphics, sculptures, and jewelry. He produced films, illustrated and wrote many books, and created theatrical sets and costumes. Dali?was practically a one-man artistic movement.
Marc Chagall
Born in Russia in 1887, Marc Chagall came to Paris in 1910 and entered the arena of European painting. From his Belorussian and eastern Jewish origins, Chagall brought into play entirely new vistas of irrational perception from dreams, visions and legends. Such fantasy altered and enhanced the expressive power of color and the formal organization of the picture and was quite different from the French use of color, which was based on theories of the objective and the rational.
What interested the poets and thinkers most about Chagall, however, was the unexpected widening of the intellectual horizon, in which images of dreams, memory, and fantasy became just as important as visible reality, and where even natural objects acquired legendary and mythical associations. Accompanied by images of the artist's greatest work.
Henri Matisse
Born in 1869 in France, Henri Matisse is regarded as one of the most influential figures in 20th century art. He studied law and was working as a clerk when he became seriously ill and was confined to bed for nearly a year. He began drawing to fill the time, and soon after made art his career. Matisse's artistic career was long and diverse.
An accomplished painter, sculptor and graphic designer, he experimented with many different styles of painting from Impressionism to Abstraction, but is perhaps best known for his involvement with Fauvist movement early in his career. His bold and provocative use of color would continue until the end of his life. Unlike many artistic pioneers, Matisse was internationally renowned and popular during his lifetime.
Loved by artists, critics, and the public alike, a museum dedicated to Matisse was opened in 1952, two years before his death. Accompanied by spectacular images of his greatest work.
Joan Miro
Born near Barcelona in 1893, Joan Miro was admitted to the Academy of Fine Arts in Barcelona at the age of 14. Before 1920, his work shows wide-ranging influences, including the bright colors of the Fauves, the broken form of Cubism, and the powerful two-dimensionality of the Catalan folk art of his native Spain.
In 1920, he settled in Paris where he met Picasso and fell under the influence of the surrealist poets and writers. Mir?drew on memory and fantasy to create works of art that are visual metaphors of surrealist poetry.
The dreamlike visions have a whimsical or humorous quality, but also appeal to an art of the spirit. Miro; had a colossal output; during his 90 years he made at least 2,000 oil paintings, 500 sculptures, 400 ceramic objects, and 5,000 drawings and collages. Accompanied by images of the artist's greatest work.
Piet Mondrian
Piet Mondrian tested the limits of abstraction in his art. By radically simplifying composition and color, Mondrian sought to express only the universal absolutes that underlie reality, rather than reproducing images of real objects. As his career developed from Dutch landscape painter to influential modern artist, Mondrian cultivated the simplicity of his studio life with a growing severity and concentration. He reduced his means to the minimum; he had no wife or children to complicate his daily life or to upset the stillness of the studio.
Though by the end of his life he was one of the most influential 20th century artists, his first one-man show preceded his death by only two years. Despite this, his artistic theories not only altered the course of painting, but also had a profound impact on architecture, industrial design, and the graphic arts. Accompanied by images of the artist's greatest work.
Rene Magritte
Belgian surrealist painter Rene Francois Ghislain Magritte was born in 1898, the son of a merchant. His first solo exhibition took place in Brussels in 1927, at which point he had already begun to paint in the surrealistic style that dominated his long career.
Magritte's paintings combine a misleading sense of realism with a mocking irony. The startling quality of his art originates from his unusual use of common images extraordinarily juxtaposed with unusual contexts that give new meaning to these familiar things. The juxtaposition is frequently termed magical realism, of which Magritte was the prime exponent.
Like other surrealists, his art challenges us to relinquish the assumptions we have of what art should be, yet he does not rely on dreamy, hallucinogenic images that are the staples of surrealism; his fascinating images emerge from the mysteries of reality and the visible world around us. Accompanied by images of the artist's greatest work.
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Category:片名 Category:Others Category:2004 Category:5. 社会科学类 Category:5.1 社会 Category:5.12 传记/人物 Category:6. 史地类 Category:6.1 历史 Category:6.117 二十世纪 Category:7. 文化艺术类 Category:7.1 书/画/文学 Category:7.12 绘画 Category:7.3 空间艺术 Category:7.32 工艺 Category:缺翻译
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